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Characteristics and performance of Low-E glass

Low-E glass, also known as low-emissivity glass, is a film-based product composed of multiple layers of metal or other compounds plated on the glass surface. The coating layer has the characteristics of high transmission of visible light and high reflection of mid- and far-infrared rays, which makes it have excellent heat insulation effect and good light transmittance compared with ordinary glass and traditional architectural coated glass. Glass is an important building material. With the continuous improvement of the decorative requirements of buildings, the use of glass in the construction industry is also increasing. Today, however, when people choose glass windows and doors for buildings, in addition to their aesthetic and appearance characteristics, they pay more attention to issues such as heat control, cooling costs and the comfort balance of interior sunlight projection. This makes the upstart Low-E glass in the coated glass family stand out and become the focus of attention.   Excellent thermal properties The heat loss of exterior door and window glass is the main part of building energy consumption, accounting for more than 50% of building energy consumption. Relevant research data shows that the heat transfer on the inner surface of the glass is mainly radiation, accounting for 58%, which means that the most effective way to reduce the loss of heat energy is to change the performance of the glass. The emissivity of ordinary float glass is as high as 0.84. When a layer of silver-based low-emissivity film is coated, the emissivity can be reduced to below 0.15. Therefore, the use of Low-E glass to manufacture building doors and windows can greatly reduce the transfer of indoor heat energy caused by radiation to the outdoors, and achieve ideal energy-saving effects. Another significant benefit of reduced indoor heat loss is environmental protection. In the cold season, the emission of harmful gases such as CO2 and SO2 caused by building heating is an important source of pollution. If Low-E glass is used, the fuel consumption for heating can be greatly reduced due to the reduction of heat loss, thereby reducing the emission of harmful gases. The heat passing through the glass is bidirectional, that is, the heat can be transferred from the indoor to the outdoor, and vice versa, and it is carried out at the same time, only the problem of poor heat transfer. In winter, the indoor temperature is higher than the outdoor, so insulation is required. In summer, the indoor temperature is lower than the outdoor temperature, and the glass is required to be insulated, that is, the outdoor heat is transferred to the indoor as little as possible. Low-E glass can meet the requirements of winter and summer, both heat preservation and heat insulation, and has the effect of environmental protection and low carbon.   Good optical properties The visible light transmittance of Low-E glass ranges from 0% to 95% in theory (6mm white glass is difficult to achieve), and the visible light transmittance represents the indoor lighting. The outdoor reflectivity is about 10%-30%. The outdoor reflectivity is the visible light reflectivity, which represents the reflective intensity or dazzling degree. At present, China requires the visible light reflectivity of the curtain wall to be no more than 30%. The above characteristics of Low-E glass have made it increasingly widely used in developed countries. my country is a relatively energy-deficient country. The per capita energy consumption is very low, and building energy consumption accounts for about 27.5% of the country's total energy consumption. Therefore, vigorously developing the production technology of Low-E glass and promoting its application field will surely bring significant social and economic benefits. In the production of Low-E glass, due to the particularity of the material, it has higher requirements for cleaning brushes when it passes through the cleaning machine. The brush wire must be high-grade nylon brush wire such as PA1010, PA612, etc. The diameter of the wire is preferably 0.1-0.15mm. Because the brush wire has good softness, strong elasticity, acid and alkali resistance, and temperature resistance, it can easily remove the dust on the glass surface without causing scratches on the surface.   Low-E coated insulating glass is a better energy-saving lighting material. It has high solar transmission, very low "u" value, and, due to the effect of the coating, the heat reflected by the Low-E glass is returned to the room, making the temperature near the window glass higher, and people are not safe near the window glass. will feel too uncomfortable. The building with Low-E window glass has a relatively high indoor temperature, so it can maintain a relatively high indoor temperature in winter without frost, so that people indoors will feel more comfortable. Low-E glass can block a small amount of UV transmission, which is slightly helpful in preventing fading of indoor items.

2022

03/18

The difference between single silver, double silver and triple silver Low-E glass

The difference between single silver, double silver and triple silver Low-E glass   1. The concept of Low-E glass Low-E glass, also known as low-emissivity glass (Low Emissivity Glass), is a film-based product composed of multiple layers of metal or other compounds plated on the glass surface. The main functional layer of the Low-E film is the silver layer. Silver is one of the substances with the lowest emissivity in nature. Coating a nano-level silver layer on the surface of the glass can reduce the emissivity of the glass from 0.84 to 0.02~0.12. Filter sunlight into a cool light source. The coating layer has the characteristics of high transmission of visible light and high reflection of mid- and far-infrared rays, thereby filtering sunlight into a cold light source, which not only meets the requirements of natural lighting, but also ensures a comfortable room temperature.   2. The difference between single, double and triple silver Low-E glass 1. The difference between the film layers General Low-E glass contains only one layer of pure silver (functional layer), the so-called single silver Low-E glass. The total number of film layers of double-silver glass is more than 9, including two layers of pure silver; triple-silver Low-E glass contains more than 13 layers of film, including three layers of pure silver (as shown in Figure 1). Compared with single-silver Low-E glass, although the processing requirements of double- and triple-silver Low-E glass are higher, its energy saving performance is much better than that of single-silver Low-E glass. 2. Differences in function Optical parameters: On the premise of the same light transmittance, double silver and triple silver Low-E glass have lower shading coefficient Sc and heat transfer coefficient U (see the table below), double silver and triple silver Low-E glass are lower than single silver Low-E glass can block more solar radiation heat energy and maximize the filtering of sunlight into cold light sources. Indoor comfort: Low-E glass can greatly reduce the heat exchange through the glass in the indoor and outdoor environments, so when the air conditioner is cooling or heating, after the indoor temperature reaches the set temperature, the air conditioner can be on standby for a longer time status, thereby saving power consumption. Not only that, the shading characteristics of Low-E glass greatly reduce the time of using curtains to shade, thus improving indoor light comfort and creating a more transparent and bright indoor environment. To make a simple example, in summer, the effective operation time of air conditioning and refrigeration is 100 days for buildings with ordinary glass, and the effective operation time of refrigeration is shortened to 35 days after using single silver Low-E glass. Or triple silver Low-E glass, it only takes about 30 days or less, further saving electricity bills. In the long run, although the use of double and triple silver Low-E glass increases the construction cost of the project, it greatly reduces the energy consumption cost of the building during its use period, and the later energy consumption can be recovered in a short period of time. the added cost. The advantages of triple silver Low-E glass are that the visible light transmittance is higher than in the past, which can make the room have enough sunlight; the solar infrared heat transmittance is low, and the heat transfer coefficient is also lower, which can effectively heat insulation.   In the total energy of solar radiation, visible light accounts for about 47%, and infrared light accounts for about 51%. Visible light can affect the visual effect of human eyes, and infrared can transmit heat energy. This part of the heat energy of the infrared glass of sunlight causes the indoor temperature to rise, the air conditioning workload increases, and the electricity is consumed. The energy distribution of the heat energy transmitted by sunlight is in the wavelength range of 780-2500 microns (the area on the right side of the vertical line in the figure), and the proportion of this part of the energy transmitted through the glass can be measured by the "total transmittance of solar infrared heat energy".​​ The triple silver Low-E has a very low "total transmittance of solar infrared heat energy", and the solar heat passing through triple silver Low-E is only about 15% of that of single silver Low-E, so the thermal insulation of triple silver Low-E glass The effect is particularly obvious. The left side of the vertical line in the figure is the visible light area, and the level of the curve in this area reflects the light transmittance of the glass. On the right is the infrared region, and the area contained under the curve reflects the heat energy directly transmitted by the sun. The single-silver Low-E contains the largest area (only Low-E is compared), followed by the double-silver, and the triple-silver Low-E contains the smallest area, so the thermal insulation performance is the best. The glass parameters corresponding to the above figure are as follows: Hollow type Light transmittance (%) Shading coefficient Sc Total transmittance of solar infrared heat (%) Single Silver 65 0.55 30 Double Silver 63 0.40 12 Triple Silver 65 0.33 4 From Sc alone, the value of triple-silver Low-E is not much lower than that of double-silver, because the visible light energy in Sc accounts for much more than infrared heat energy. However, from the "total transmittance of solar infrared thermal energy", the solar thermal energy passing through the triple-silver Low-E is 4%, while the solar thermal energy passing through the double-silver Low-E is 12%, the difference between the two is 3 times. The heat insulation and energy saving effect of triple silver Low-E is far better than that of double silver. The use of triple silver low-E glass can effectively reduce the energy consumption caused by indoor air conditioning.

2022

03/09

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